Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Understanding Response - Essay Example Germany trusted these focuses would be the reason for the arrangement. Anyway this expectation was gave a false representation of and the details of the settlement were so brutal on Germany that it at long last brought about an increasingly damaging and terrible war. America had come out of the war for all intents and purposes solid. Anyway the individuals of Britain and France were crushed by the pulverization brought about by the war and in no state of mind to pardon Germany for it. So it came about that Germany was considered exclusively answerable for the hopelessness and demise caused to millions, and the details of the settlement were especially embarrassing to Germans. Moreover, Britain and France had rich settlements that additional to their coffers, and consequently provisos that held that assurance of their status must have â€Å"the premiums of the populations†; were in opposition to their inclinations. Each country normally took a gander at the settlement with its own advantages principal. France needed the domains of Alsace and Lorraine with the end goal of defending its outskirts from future German assaults. Along these lines Germany lost land to France, Belgium, Denmark, Czechoslovakia and Poland. The victors of the war were the ones who drafted the arrangement of Versailles and the crushed countries were not solicited to add to the drafting from the settlement. The bargain subsequently took care of the interests of the victors and since Germany was accused for the destruction brought about by the war and considered exclusively liable for it; she needed to shoulder the weight of war reparation and chopping down of her military just as losing domains to different countries. The most significant of the fourteen focuses was the last - that of setting up a worldwide body to keep up harmony among the countries of the world. This was set up as the League of Nations. In any case, Wilson couldn't persuade the Americans to join the alliance and it end up being an inadequate and toothless body. It prompted more grating among countries

The Real World free essay sample

Four young ladies, picked to live in a quad, and have their lives changed, beyond what they could have ever envisioned. First year recruit and sophomore year I was wrapped firmly in a cover of uncertainly, hesitance, and a feeling that I didn’t even know what my identity was. My flat mates Caitlin, Lizzie, and Kristen not just made the battles of junior year average, suddenly, they constrained their way into my life and me out of that case. Every one of them showed me something other than what's expected that shaped my ethics and will set me up for whatever lies ahead. Whoever said that you meet some abnormal individuals throughout your life, likely said that after one experience with Caitlin. A blend of ADD and a fear of body hair is recipe for a chaotic young lady with her life all together. Caitlin has the greatest heart of anybody I know and the delicacy she oozes is seen by all. We will compose a custom article test on The Real World or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One night, as Caitlin was Nairing her mustache, Caitlin expressed â€Å"I just don’t need to leave here someone I am not.† Though it was difficult to pay attention to her, the words reverberated in my mind and it truly made me think. It was that basic. Act naturally. That night, something changed, whatever divider I was setting up for society was being demolished by this brief proclamation originating from a young lady with a pseudo milk mustache. It turned out to be certain that the main way I would endure one more year at all inclusive school was to understand that I am who I am, and complying with some social standard was horrible quality of life. Taking a gander at Caitlin I envisioned her as a scaled down Buddha with a shimmering upper lip and a flash of astuteness in her eyes. Martha Stewart has nothing on my very own Suzie Homemaker. With a headband gently positioned on her brilliant light hair and pearl studs venerating her ear cartilage, Lizzie opened her arms to me when I felt just as my own reality was collapsing. My beau and I simply separated and I thought it was the apocalypse. In a phase of shortcoming I was under the feeling that my life would stop to exist due to the forlornness that would before long dominate. Lizzie looked at me without flinching and stated, â€Å"People will consistently amaze you, the main individual you can depend on is yourself.† At the time, I felt just as that was the most noticeably awful thing she could have said. On the entirety of my shock, she was encouraging my scorn for mankind and compounding the situation. As I got a hold of myself, the statement overwhelmed back to me. Why had I felt so useless subsequent to something as modest as a separation? I understood that I had quit cherishing myself. Adoring your self appears good judgment, however it took a young lady enclosed by a pink monogrammed cover to haul me out of the obscurity and show me the famous light. Nike running shorts and Hanes shirts are a staple for my third flat mate Kristen. Kristen has shown me the most through my very own perception. Watching her cautiously twofold bunch her Nikes and pull her hair tight into an elastic band, I realize that she is going to step onto the field and desert everything. There is something to be said about somebody who is commander of every one of the three of their varsity sports. Her authority and determination is similarly caught with regards to her loved ones. Watching her makes me need to carry on with my existence with a similar feeling of commitment and gratefulness forever. With each of the three of my flat mates heading out in their own direction to their particular universities, I will have one more year at live-in school. With the assistance of three remarkable and extraordinary young ladies, I am furnished with the information to assume responsibility for my residence, assume responsibility for my life, and finish my time at Culver with another incredible year. Gandhi once said â€Å"The fundamental motivation behind life is to live properly, think appropriately, act properly. The spirit must mope when we give all our idea to the body.† As I start my last year of secondary school without them I will savor the recollections and affectionately review the exercises from Caitlin to live properly, from Lizzie to think appropriately, and from Kristen to act properly.

How to Prepare A Food Culture Essay Topic

How to Prepare A Food Culture Essay TopicYou are going to need a lot of background information in your food culture essay topics. Sometimes, you are going to need to have the food culture of someplace you are not living to give you the necessary information to tell a great story about it. Here are some tips to help you get started on your food writing career:- A visit to Africa will give you plenty of information to write about. For example, if you are going to Cape Town, South Africa, visit the Kauma Market. You will be able to see the first Farmers Market, as well as the world's first supermarket. This is a truly unique experience. If you are coming from another country, you will want to find a way to make it more interesting.- Traveling around the world can give you an interesting and in-depth look at cultures around the world. As you travel, you will be able to learn about the different food cultures that each country has to offer. You can make them more interesting with an essay or use them to illustrate a particular culture's way of life.- In addition to the things you learned from these two places, you should try to find a way to focus your attention on another aspect of each culture. You might want to focus on something that relates to the type of food you would find in that place. This will give you the opportunity to show your readers a little bit of what is going on.- There are many aspects of each culture that you should be able to find. Some of the points you should pay attention to include a different way of cooking food, the way people dress, how they handle their emotions, and so forth. Of course, you also need to pay attention to the religion that is practiced in that culture.- The way in which people handle their emotions will have a lot to do with the kind of food culture they have. The way people react to different situations will have an effect on the way they cook and serve food. You might be surprised at the different ways people in diffe rent countries handle these issues. Find out what is going on in the mind of the person who is preparing the meal.- Find out what types of foods are in common between different countries. You might be surprised at what you find. You can make your food culture essay topics more interesting by focusing on a variety of foods, different food styles, and even countries with different languages.As you start planning out your food culture essay topics, take some time to investigate the different things you can find about the food cultures of different countries. You might be surprised at the different things you can find, especially if you look for something new. Do your research so that you will be able to bring in interesting and intriguing facts about different countries and their way of life.

A Report On The Workers Compensation Board - 1828 Words

WCB Stats The following is a report on the Workers Compensation Board (WCB) industry synopsis for the construction-industrial sector from 2013 to 2016. The report will examine the top three types of accidents, and the top three parts of the body that were involved in accidents in the construction industry. The report will also make suggestions to the part of the management system that may have resulted in the accident trend, proffer a plan of action, corrective actions and the stakeholders that will be involved in the corrective actions. The Top Three Types of Accidents A review of the industry synopsis from 2013 to 2017 for a construction-industrial sector showed that the top three types of accidents in the construction industry were as†¦show more content†¦The Top Three Parts of the Body Involved According to the WCB synopsis the top three parts of the body involved in accidents in the past 4 years that was reviewed include the following: Back: There were 265 reported cases of back injuries between 2013 and 2016 in the Construction-Industrial sector (WCB, 2017). Trunk: The WCB synopsis reports that between 2013 and 2016, 180 workers where involved in accidents that involved the trunk (WCB, 2017). Knee: There were 134 reported cases of accidents that involved the knee in reported cases from 2013 to 2016 (WCB, 2017). Part of The OHS Management System That Is Not Working According to the synopsis, the top three accidents in the industry over the last four years are falls, overexertion, and bodily reaction and exertion. Planning Policy Section Starting with the planning policy section of the OHS Management System (OHSMS), a vital component that may be defective, leading to the reported accidents in the industry are the identification and evaluation of a hazards and risk, emerging safety issues in the industry and ways to mitigate the health and safety issues. Implementation Policy Section Hazard and Risk Identification and Assessment: The construction industry is a high hazard industry that comprises of a wide range of activities involving construction, alteration, and/or repair (OSHA, 2016). Like any other major industry, construction workers are engaged in many activities that may expose them toShow MoreRelatedHow Workers Compensation Is Not A New Concept Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Workers Compensation is not a new concept, in fact its origins can be dated as far back as 2050 B.C where it is written in The Nippur Tablet No. 3191 from ancient Sumeria in the law of Ur-Nammu, king of the city-state of Ur. The law of Ur provided monetary compensation for specific injury to workers body parts, including fractures (Guyton, 1999, p. 106). This type of compensation or schedules for payment based on loss continued until the Middle Ages when feudalism became the primaryRead MoreCase Study Of New York State WorkersCompensation Law723 Words   |  3 Pages Both Benetech and the undersigned are authorized to represent Fulton Country Self Insurance Plan in this matter. I have enclosed letter of authorization herewith. By way of background, Fulton County is responsible for a New York State Workers’ Compensation claim, WCB# 50413999 with a date of accident of 10/01/2003. The case has been established for an injury to the neck by Administrative Decision filed on 12/29/2004. A copy of that decision is attached hereto as exhibit A. The case was laterRead MoreThe Political Economy Of The Canadian Workers Compensation System1074 Words   |  5 Pagespublished in 2010 by AU Press in Edmonton, Alberta. The author worked for the Alberta Labor Relations Board, the Alberta Workers’ Compensation Board, and for the Alberta government before beginning his tenure with Athabasca University. The purpose of the book is to critically and candidly explore the way in which the Canadian government prevents workplace injuries and handles workers compensation for workplace injury; who exactly benefits from the current system; and in what ways they benefit. TheRead MoreHuman Resource Risk Managers At The Board Of Education1311 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resource-Risk managers help assist the director in tasks related to property insurance, workers’ compensation, safety and other functions. They receive and review workers’ compensation, Medicaid and safety claims and route them to the appropriate person, they also refer employees to correct providers. Human Resource-Risk managers are responsible for reviewing all materials to be brought before the Director of Risk Management and routes correspondence to him or appropriate staff. The HumanRead MoreExecutive Salaries And What It Means To The United States Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pagesthe category of net income is Citigroup which is in the banking industry. The CEO of Citigroup is Charles O. Prince. In 2005 Charles O. Prince raked in $22,994,729 in total compensation including stock option grants from Citigroup. The average employee would have to work 459 years to equal Charles O. Princes 2005 compensation.(AUM) Other benefits that CEOs harvest range from country club memberships to yacht expenses. Mattress King Simmons Bedding covers up to $105,000 inRead MoreEssay about Workers Compensation Fraud1575 Words   |  7 PagesWorkers Compensation Fraud Workers Compensation is a service that provides reimbursement for lost wages to employees who have sustained injuries from work or work-related tasks. It is also one of the services that is most often the victim of fraud. 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The management in the company has the top position in the organization. They need high and outstanding compensation they are responsible for the over all business results to be discus to shareholders at the end of the year. They are answerable to shareholders. Their position in the company is at risk executives job contact can be cancelled at anytime. So the executives’ compensation plan is a protection against the case of job cancelledRead MoreWorldcom, A High Growth Company999 Words   |  4 Pagescomfortable with . . . 13.5 to 15.5% revenue growth in 2000.† (Beresford, Katzenbach, C.B. Rogers, 2003). In order to show the public that they were doing well, top management kept a separate report to come up with the difference that existed between the actual and expected number that they need to report to the account called corporate unallocated revenue from the actual book (Beresford, Katzenbach, C.B. Rogers, 2003). By doing so, WorldCom improperly recorded a total of $958 million in revenueRead MoreLong Distance Rates And Revenue990 Words   |  4 Pagesand earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (What Went Wrong at WorldCom?, 2002). . In order to show the public that they were doing well, top management kept a separate report to come up with the difference that existed between the actual and expected number that they need to report to the account called corporate unallocated revenue from the actual book (Beresford, Katzenbach, C.B. Rogers, 2003). By doing so, WorldCom improperly recorded a total of $958 million in revenue

Video Games Affect Our Lives - 1563 Words

Parents have always claimed that video games corrupt a child’s well-being, but many of them don t know what video games are actually doing to our minds and body. In fact, video games affect several different aspects of our lives, including our social lives, physical health, and behavior tendencies. With video games becoming an active member in almost everyone s daily life, a more intrusive study is required, detailing the precise effects and what exactly their implications could be for this up-and-coming generation. Video games have grown immensely since the beginning of the millennium. Consumers spent a total of $20.77 million dollars on video game related technology (Trang).With almost 51% of Americans having a gaming device of some kind, and each console, a major piece of hardware designed and produced solely for gaming, having several different gaming genres to choose from, it s no wonder the industry has had such a big boom (Trang). The problem is that too much time spent with video games can be damaging. Children are one of the primary sources of funding for the gaming industry, and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children spend no more than fourteen hours per week in front of any type of electronic screen, yet it’s also reported that the average school age child spends more than thirty-seven hours per week in front of an electronic screen (Gentile). Video games are becoming easier to access; the revolution of smart phones has made thousands ofShow MoreRelatedNega tive Impact Of Video Games On Children1278 Words   |  6 PagesNegative Impact Of Video Games When you look around these days, kids as young as five years old are holding their portable devices as their eyes are glued to their screens and their minds clueless about their surroundings. Increasing violence and contents of the video games have a huge impact on our generation of young children mentally and physically. When I was growing up, video games used to be a source connecting people around the world with their mutual love of fun filled games. However, over aRead MoreViolent Video Games: Closing the Doors to Success688 Words   |  3 Pagesviolent outbreaks may be linked to violent video games. There has been an increasing amount of crime in the age groups involved violent video games in some way. In turn, watching and/or participating in violent video games can increase violent behavior. Violent outbreaks are more common with age groups that are actively participating in violent video games, or have an active role within the community of violent video games. An article states Sales of video games have more than quadrupled from 1995-2008Read MoreNegative Effects Of Video Games1324 Words   |  6 PagesProblem of video game popularity causing a decrease in student achievement With todays rising generations being raised in a more technologically advanced world than ever before, video games are taking over more of our childrens lives. Many parents are left to worry and wonder about how these time syncs are affecting these future generations. With todays young generation of kids ages from thirteen and up averaging a staggering eight and a half hours of gameplay a week. Compared to the prosperousRead MoreExtra Lives: Why Video Games Matter by Tom Bissell Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesBissell, in his essay, â€Å"Extra Lives: Why Video Games Matter† has described video games and how they are unique and different from movies, books, or even interactive films. Bissell says â€Å"I came to accept that games were incompetent with almost every aspect of what I would call traditional narrative.† This is showing the readers that even though there is a plot and story line, as characters can control and alter the story line or outcome by what you do or s ee throughout the game. Bissell Explains he likesRead MoreAnalysis Of Dream Machines By Will Wright1401 Words   |  6 Pagesthe article, Dream Machines (211), Will Wright presents an article about how machines and technology affect society today. However, instead of taking a negative view of how technology influences peoples lives, the considers the positive effects on the population and how machines are allowing us to better develop the world. I found that most of his arguments and examples, such as how video games improve reaction times, were outdated and boring expressions. Many articles have debated these argumentsRead MoreVideo Games And Its Impact On Society1220 Words   |  5 Pagesof them however is the invention of video games. Video games were invented in 1940, by a man named Edward U. Condon. This invention gave birth to a whole new genre of entertainment. One that will have a much greater affect than intended to be. The product of the video game has turned into a world wide phenomenon and h as changed society. There are many factors into the changes it has made to the world. The video games of today have become a great part of our lives. Now how has it affected it? 　　TodayRead MoreReview Of Lord Of The Flies 1346 Words   |  6 PagesTabula Rasa over Centuries People say that a person cannot live a positive life with a negative mind. That person has the ability to take action through influence and experience. Lord of the Flies by William Golding gives a graphic example about loss of complete culture to bestial ambience. This may be recognizable with the boys’ perception on fun and games. Leisure for the children on the island goes from playing Tic Tac Toe in the sand to hunting for pigs and eventually one another. In parallelRead MoreVideo Games Effects On Children906 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games have become an important part of children lives these days. As parents we need to help our children spend a reasonable amount of time on gaming. Allowing too much time on video games can hinder a child’s developmental process. Obsessive amounts of video game playing can cause; attention span problems, inhibit social interaction, aggression, poor social skills, and games are not intellectually stimulating. Parents need to take co ntrol and limit the time their children spend on video gamesRead MoreImportance Of Advancements In Technology758 Words   |  4 PagesAdvancements in technology affect many aspects of our lives in today’s society. Whether the affects are positive or negative, it can be sometimes difficult to imagine a world without some sort of modern day technology. The idea of technology as a part of our daily lives, can affect how people use technology in the future. The reliance on technology, that a lot of people today have when using their mobile cellular phones and gaming technology such as computers and gaming consoles, can cause negativeRead MoreEssay on Media Influence on American Youth848 Words   |  4 PagesAmericans during a massacre in Littleton, Colorado leaving fifteen people dead including two shooters and twenty one injured. Many Americans wonder who and why anyone would do such massacres, especially on their own country. Although social media, video games, and television can be used for education and positive influence; it is often blamed for such acts of violence including the shooting at Columbine. The issue concerning social media in American and its effect on their youth are likely to be debated

What Has Hip Hop Ever Done - 1331 Words

What has hip-hop ever done to you? There has always been one style of music that has interested me greatly-hip-hop. Hip-hop has four different elements to it: rap music (vocal), turntablism (DJ-ing), b-boying (dance/physical) and graffiti art; out of the four I think rap music has had the greatest impact on the world for it has influenced us socially, culturally and politically. However, over the years I realize that hip-hop music hasn’t had the same impact on the world, becoming main stream. So I am going to explore how it has influenced us throughout the years and how it has changed recently. In the late 1970s when hip-hop originated, it was known as the ‘golden age’ for it was the climax of hip-hop because no one’s music was the same,†¦show more content†¦The songs encouraged them to speak their thoughts out loud and stand up for themselves and what they believe in. Artists made a variety of effective songs; their purpose was to stand against how the government were treating people. Public Enemy is song â€Å"Fight the Power† really struck a chord with the nation because it was it’s about urban poverty and standing up against â€Å"the power†- the government. This at the time was a big issue in the U.S for there were many race riots. Miami had one riot that lasted three days because an African American was killed by three white police officers and they weren’t charged, for there wasn’t ‘enough’ evidence to charge them when in truth there was a video of the crime. Looking back at the song there is one line in particulars that stands out: â€Å"we got to pump the stuff to make us tough from the heart†; this basically says fight for what you believe in; the nation did they protested, started riots and caused complete chaos throughout the U.S. However due to this three people were killed and ove r twenty injured but it still had a huge impact for it showed that any race could stand up for they believe in. As the ‘golden age’ came to an end at the start of the 1980s, a new type of hip-hop was developed, it’s called â€Å"gangsta rap† and was created by artists such as N.W.A, Schoolly D and Ice T. This variation of rap was different because of the violent lyrics and inappropriate

Choephori Or The Libation Bearers Essay Example For Students

Choephori Or The Libation Bearers Essay A monologue from the play by Aeschylus NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from The Dramas of Aeschylus. Trans. Anna Swanwick. London: George Bell and Sons, 1907. ELECTRA: Ye captive women, ye who tend this home,Since ye are present to escort with meThese lustral rites, your counsel now I crave.How, while I pour these offrings on the tomb,Speak friendly words? and how invoke my Sire?Shall I declare that from a loving wifeTo her dear lord I bear them? from my mother?My courage fails, now know I what to speak,Pouring libations on my fathers tomb.Or shall I pray, as holy wont enjoins,That to the senders of these chaplets, heRequital may accord, ay! meed of ill.Or, with no mark of honour, silently,For so my father perished, shall I pourThese offerings, potion to be drunk by earth,Then, tossing oer my head the lustral urn,(As one who loathed refuse forth has cast,)With eyes averted, back retrace my steps?Be ye partakers in my counsel, friends,For in this house one common hate we share.Through fear hide not the feelings of your heart;For what is destined waits alike the freeAnd him oermastered by anothers hand;If ye have aught more wise to urge, say on.

Mean Spirit Essays - Osage Nation, Mean Spirit, Osage Hills

Mean Spirit Mean Spirit/ Linda Hogan/ ?1990 Our story takes place on an oil-rich Native American town, called Watona, on a reservation in Oklahoma. The course of the story extends from 1918 to the mid-twenties. There is a multitude of characters that accompany this story. One of the most important characters is Nola Blanket, a young teenager who is a full-blooded Osage Indian. She is a very delicate girl but still very strong. Her mother, Grace Blanket, is a very beautiful, well-liked young woman who is very outgoing and fun-loving. Belle Graycloud is a feisty, strong-willed Indian woman. She is well respected and is the commanding grandmother of her household. Her family is very close to the Blankets, who are distant cousins. Belle's daughter, Lettie, is a close friend of Grace. Lettie's lover, Benoit, is an Osage man that is married to Grace's crippled sister, Sara Blanket; but he is more like a brother and caretaker to her than he is a husband. Michael Horse is the fire keeper of the Osage tribe, but he also writes in his spare time. He is an old man who observes everything around him and writes it down in his journals. Stace Red Hawk is a Sioux Indian that works for the FBI. He became a federal agent in hopes of helping the Native Americans and protecting them from being taken advantage of. John Hale is a tall, lanky white rancher and oilman. He is trusted by the Indians, and seems to be a generous and helpful person. Watona was a small Indian town that prospered due to the rich rivers of oil flowing beneath it. As part of the Dawes Act, each Indian was allowed to choose an allotment of land not already claimed by white Americans. Although the 160 acres of land per Indian seemed generous, the land was barren and dry. The government did not know, however, that black oil seeped up out of the earth, and many Indians became very wealthy because of their ?worthless? pieces of land. As a result of the Indians' wealth, hundreds of white businessmen, fortune-hunters, traders, thieves, and swindlers swarmed to the reservation to make cash. When Grace Blanket is murdered by John Hale on a warm summer morning, it is made to look like a suicide and the local law enforcement passes it off as such. Nola and her friend Rena saw Nola's mother chased down and shot, but the Indians know that they must not bring it to the law or they will risk Nola's life. Belle takes in Nola as her own and sees that Nola is safe. Mysteriously, men from the nearby Osage tribe appear to keep watch over Nola in her time of vulnerability. The story progresses as more murders occur and the situation gets more and more rotten. Sara Blanket is killed in an explosion and Benoit is framed as the culprit. Other local Osage people are found dead, inexplicably, and foul play is afoot. It is more than coincidence that many of these people had dealings with John Hale, who often benefited from their deaths. But nobody has any proof of the murders, so Mr. Hale gets away with his dirty deeds. Stace Red Hawk is sent down from Washington, D.C. by the FBI to investigate the murders. As he spends more time with the Indian people, he slowly loses the ways of the white world and becomes in touch with his real self. He meets Michael Horse, who is adding his own chapter to the Bible because he feels that it has left out crucial elements. Horse is a seer, and he often foresees events that nobody else knows about. Horse is also trying to uncover the mystery that is tearing the Osage community apart. After years of searching, the combined efforts of Stace, Michael, Belle, and Lettie yield enough clues to put John Hale on trial. John is convicted and it seems that everyone is finally safe. One night, Belle's husband Moses wakes up, and he knows right away that something is wrong with his twin sister. He finds that her husband was in on the conspiracy and that he has shot her. The family realizes that they are still in danger, and

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter C

Chemistry Abbreviations Starting with the Letter C Chemistry abbreviations and acronyms are common in all fields of science. This collection offers common abbreviations and acronyms beginning with the letter C used in chemistry and chemical engineering. C - CarbonC - CelsiusC - Coulomb C - CytosineCa - CalciumCA - Cytric AcidCAB - Cation-Anion BalanceCADS - Chemical Agent Detection SystemCAR - Commercial And ResidentialCAS - Chemical Abstracts ServiceCAW - Catalyst Altered WaterCB - Conduction BandCBA - Cytometric Bead ArrayCBR - Chemical, Biological, RadiologicalCBRE - Chemical, Biological, Radiological ElementCBRN - Chemical, Biological, Radiological, or NuclearCC - Cubic CentimeterCCBA - Chemical Coordinate Bonding and AdsorptionCCL - Contaminant Candidate ListCCS - Carbon Capture StorageCd - CadmiumCDA - Clean Dry AirCDR - Chemical Distribution RoomCDSL - Chemical Data Summary ListCDU - Chemical Dispensing UnitCe - CeriumCE - Chemical EngineeringCEP - Chemical Engineering ProcessCf - CaliforniumCF - Carbon FiberCF - Ceramic FiberCFA - Cetylated Fatty AcidCFC - ChlorofluorocarbonCFRP - Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plasticcg - CentigramCGS - Centimeter, Gram, SecondCHC - Chlorinated HydroCarbonChem - ChemistryCHM - ChemistryCHO - Carbo hydrateCi - CurieCLC - Cross Linked CelluloseCm - Curiumcm - centimeterCML - Chemical Markup LanguageCN - Coordination NumberCN - CyanideCNO - Carbon Nitrogen OxygenCNP - Cyclic Nucleotide PhosphodiesteraseCNT - Carbon NanoTubeCo - CobaltCO - Carbon monoxideCP - Chemically PureCP - Cratine PhosphateCPA - CoPolymer AlloyCPE - Chemical Potential EnergyCr - ChromiumCR - Corrosion ResistantCRAP - Crude Reagent And ProductsCRC - Chemical Rubber CompanyCRT - Cathode Ray TubeCs - CesiumCSAC - Chemical Safety Analysis and ControlCSAD - Cysteine Sulfinic Acid DecarboxylaseCSTR - Continuously Stirred Tank ReactorCu - CopperCVCS - Chemical Volume Control SystemCW - Chemical WarfareCWA - Chemical Warfare Agent

Week 2 discussion 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Week 2 discussion 2 - Assignment Example The data above is based on the NASDAQ composite index which represents the overall performance of the stock market in the period of ten years from year 2004 to the end of year 2013. From the data, the changes in the composite index in the 12 months trading have been summarized yearly from the different securities traded. The difference between the opening trading composite index and the closing composite index gives the gain or loss during the trading financial year. From this the percentage amount of gain or loss is derived. Stock market index is very important in many ways as it is used to gauge the economic conditions of a give economy. A worse composite index could mean that the economy is going through recession while a pleasing composite index shows that the economy is doing well. This is because the index comprises of all listed companies and their returns in the securities exchange mainly shows the potential investments from both local and foreign investors in the country. From the data, year 2009 was the best performing year in the ten year period with a percentage return of 43.89%, followed by year 2013 with a percentage return of 38.32%. The great investment returns in the stock market could have resulted from better economic conditions in America’s economy and wide interest from both external and internal investors in the NASDAQ securities exchange. More incentives offered in investing in the stock exchenge like elimination of capital gains tax and investors getting double digits in the stock market could also be a driver in having more returns in the stock market. The worst performing year from the data was in year 2008 with a negative loss in the NASDAQ stock exchange of -40.54%. Worse economic conditions in the United States followed by the general elections in the year can be a big explanation to the stock market performance. This

Forecasting the Future of the US Economy Over the Next Year Research Paper

Forecasting the Future of the US Economy Over the Next Year - Research Paper Example However, the recovery of the U.S. has been expected to carry on, albeit at the sluggish pace (Elwell, 21). This paper is aimed at providing forecasts on the future of the US economic variables. Effects on economic variables: The level of inflation has been very high since 2007. This high level of inflation is now considered as the biggest problem in the country by the Fed. Due to this high level of inflation, consumers are not getting capable of purchasing costliest goods and services and hence business organisations which are engaged in production of these goods and services are leaving the industry. Again this is reducing the level of income in the country and hence the level of demand for necessary goods and service. The Fed is expecting to have a subdued in the next few years because of weaker level of real economic activities prevailing in the country. But the Fed is expecting to have a lower level of inflation rate in 2013 which is expected to increase the volume of economic ac tivities in the country. The Fed is expecting that the current rate of change in overall prices is expected to fall to 1% to 2% from its current level of 3% within five years. But the Fed is expecting that the rate of inflation will remain unresponsive in newt few years due to the fact the American economy is still under the curse of financial and economic crises situations (Minutes of the Federal Open Market Committee, 1). The Federal Reserve or Fed, in short, holds a very positive view regarding the current economic activities and the current condition of the financial market of the country. The chairman of the Fed, Dr. Ben S. Bernanke, has argued that after the global financial crisis of 2007-08, the American economy is experiencing greater volume of economic activities (Bernanke, 1). The IMF predicts the value of real GDP in the US to rise at 1.5% in 2011 (which is lower by1.0 percentage points than that of in June 2011 prediction) and at 1.8% in 2012 (which is lower by 1.1% tha n the June 2011 prediction) (Elwell, 21). The Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve predicts the real GDP in the year 2012 to exist in the range of between 2.3% and 3.5% (the growth prediction for the year 2012 almost about 0.5 percentage points lower than that has been made in the June 2011). Also according to the Fed predictions the rate of unemployment is estimated to be in the range between 8.1% and 8.9% in the year 2013 (Fiscal Year 2013: Analytical Perspective: Budget of the U.S. Government, 19). Global Insight, which is a renowned economic forecasting private company, has recently predicted that the real GDP in the US will advance 1.4% by the end of 2012 (lower by 1.3 percentage points compared to its June 2011 estimation). The rate of unemployment in the country has been estimated to be around 9.3% in the year 2012 and 2013 (Elwell, 21). The level of FDI in the country is not expected to grow at much rapid speed compared to the past. In the global increasing in the am ount of FDI inflow to $1.4–$1.6 trillion in the year 2013, the US inflow of FDI is predicted to move in the range of $245 to $255 billion in 2013 (GLOBAL INVESTMENT TRENDS, 17). Again, it is expected by the researchers that the rate of interest will remain comparatively low as well as stable in the next year following the rapid growth of developing countries. This increasing growth of countries such as India and China will increase the volume of trade in favor of USA. Also the corporate bonds and

The Purpose Of Study English Language Essay

The Purpose Of Study English Language Essay Functional Grammar was introduced by Halliday (1994) based on the assumption that language is a set of meanings. Language which is a means of communication is used to negotiate and exchange meanmgs. He states that a language is interpreted as a system of meanings accompanied by forms through which the meanings can be realized. Halliday (1994) adds Functional Grammar lean towards text, which is a semantic unit, rather that sentence. So, Functional Grammar which was developed based on meanings uses text as the unit of analysis. Functional Grammar has been adopted to become one of the subj ects in the English Department of UNJ since 2002. Statements related to Functional Grammar as subjects can be quoted as follows: Mata kuliah mi bertujuan mengembangkan wawasan eksplisit tentang teori bahasa dan segi fungsinya (tekstual, interpersonal, experiential) untuk menunjang pengembangan kemampuan dan ketrampilan berkomunikasi lisan dan tulisan dalam bahasa Inggnis secara benar dan baik. (Pedoman Akadeniik 2004/2005:100) Functional Grammar 1 aims at developing the explicit knowledge of the theory of language based on the thnction (textual, interpersonal, and experiential) to support the development of ability and skills to communicate both written and spoken well and correctly. (Own translation). Mata kuliah mi bertujuan mengembangkan kemampuan dan ketrampilan menganalisa teks dalam bahasa Inggris dilihat dan segi fungsinya (tekstual, interpersonal, experiential) untuk menunjang pengembangan kemampuan dan ketrampilan berkomunikasi lisan dan tulisan dalam bahasa Inggris secara baik dan benar. (Pedoman Akademik 2004/2005:100) 1 Functional Grammar 2 aims at developing ability and skills to analyze text in English based the function (textual, interpersonal, and experiential) to support the development of ability and skills to communicate both ritten and spoken well and correctly. (Own translation) In keeping with the description, both Functional Grammar 1 and 2 have the basic purpose that is to support the development of ability and skills to communicate, both written and spoken, well and correctly. As a matter of fact, a number of students complain about the subjects. They have difficulties about the subjects. No study was conducted relevant to the condition. Realizing the need of improvement, the researcher is interested to conduct a study about English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. B. Focus of Study The research is initiated by the fact that some students have problems in understanding Functional Grammar concepts. Learning the condition, the researcher is interested to conduct a study related to English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. C. Research Questions Based on the background above, the research questions that are identified in this study are: What is English Department students perception towards their knowledge of Functional Grammar concepts. 1 2 What is English Department students perception towards their comprehension of Functional Grammar concepts. What is English Department students perception towards their ability to apply Functional Grammar concepts in analyzing text. What is English Department students perception towards their ability to apply Functional Grammar concepts in writing. I). Purpose of Study The purpose of the study is to identifi English Department students perception towards their ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. Using Blooms Taxonomy of Educational goals, students knowledge and comprehension of Functional Grammar are included in this research. E. Benefit of Study The result of this study is expected to give input related to English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. 3 CHAPTER II LiTERATURE REVIEW To provide the basic theory of the research related to English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing, this chapter discusses Traditional Grammar, Functional Grammar, Functional Grammar as a subject in the English Department, Ability to apply, Writing, and Perception. 1. Traditional Granmiar A number of experts such as Harmer (2001), Thombury (1999), and Gerot and Wignell (1994) have defined traditional grammar as a set of rules of a language. Harmer (2001) describes the grammar of a language as the description of the ways in which words can change their forms and can be combined into sentences in that language. Thombury (1999) explains grammar as a description of the rules for forming sentences. While Gerot and Wignell (1994) point out Traditional Grammar is focused on the rules for producing coffect sentences. They add sentence becomes the unit of analysis. So, based on the discussion, Traditional Grammar is focused on rules and sentence becomes the unit of analysis. Further, Gerot and Wignell (1994) explain that Traditional Grammar labels elements of the clause in terms of the word class that are nouns, verbs, prepositions, adverbs, and adjectives. Criticizing towards the weaknesses of Traditional Grammar, Thombury (2002) argues that there is 4 no one-to-one correspondence between grammatical form and communication function such as making a request, offering something, etc. 2. Functional Grammar Functional Grammar was introduced by Halliday (1994) based on the assumption that language is a set of meanings. Language which is a means of communication is used to negotiate and exchange meanings. Halliday (1994) believes that when one communicates, he exchanges the meanings with other people. He further states that a language is interpreted as a system of meanings accompanied by forms through which the meanings can be realized. To be different from Traditional Grammar that is focused on rules and sentence as the unit of analysis, Functional Grammar is focused on meanings and text as a whole becomes the object of analysis. Further, Halliday (1994) explains that Functional Grammar discusses the notion of a clause as a unit in which meanings of three different kinds are combined. The three aspects of meaning of the clause are clause as representation, clause as exchange, and clause as message. 1). Clause as Representation The first aspect of the meaning of the clause is Clause as Representation. Based on Hallidays assumption, Gerot and Wignell (1994) note it concerns with human beings experiences. Clause as representation is related to human beings experiences. As human 5 beings experiences vary, it is possible to identify the types of those experiences. Halliday (1994) describes the most powerful impression of experience is that it consists of goings-onhappening, doing, sensing, meaning, being, and becoming. Halliday (1994) then proposes there are three semantic categories that are processes, participants, and circumstances. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Processes Based on Hallidays assumption, Gerot and Wignell (1994) notice processes are realized by verbs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Participants Halliday (1994) writes participants are realized by nouns. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Circumstances Halliday (1994) describes circumstance is realized by adverbial group or prepositional phrase. Based on Hallidays assumption, Gerot and Wignell (1994) note circumstances answer such questions as when, where, why, how, many, and as what. Halliday (1994) further explains the different types of processes that are built into the granmiar of English are material process, mental process, relational process, behavioral process, verbal process, and existential process. A. Material Process: processes of doing Based on Halliday, Gerot and Wignell (1994) state material processes are processes of material doing. Halliday (1994) notes they express the notion that entity does something which may be 6 done to other entity. This process consists of these particular participants-an obligatory actor, and optionally also a goal. Based on Halliday, Gerot and Wignell (1994) explain the entity who or which does something is the Actor. The entity which may be done to is the Goal. B. Mental Process: processes of sensing Halliday (1994) explains mental processes are processes of feeling, thinking, and seeing. The two participants in mental process are senser and phenomenon. The senser is conscious being that is feeling, thinking, or seeing. The phenomenon is that which is sensed, felt, thought, or seen. C. Relational Process: processes of being There are two different modes that are attributive and identifying. a. Intensive processes: attributive Based on Halliday, Gerot and Wignell (1994) refer attributive processes as processes which assign a quality. Halliday (1994) notes the quality is labeled the attribute, an entity to which it is ascribed is the carrier. b.Intensive processes: identifying Based on Halliday, Gerot and Wignell (1994) refer identifying processes as processes which establish an identity. Halliday (1994) adds the process has an identity assigned to it. The terms are given the x-element and the a-element, that which is to be 7 identified, as identified, and the a-element, to which serves as identity, as identifier. D. Behavioral processes Halliday (1994) explains these are processes of physiological and psychological behavior like breathing, coughing, smiling, dreaming, and staring. The participant who is behaving is labeled behaver. E. Verbal processes Halliday (1994) refers to these are processes of saying. The term sayercan be interpreted as a subject (it may be someone or something) that says something. There are three participant functions that are the receiver, verbiage, and target. a. The receiver is the one to whom the saying is directed at. b. The verbiage is the function that corresponds to what is said. c. The target is the entity that is targeted by the process of saying. F. Existential processes Halliday (1994) notes these represent that something exists or happens. That object or event which is being said to exist is labeled, simply, existent. 2). Clause as exchange The second aspect of the meaning of the clause is clause as exchange. Halliday (1994) explains clause as exchange has two components that are Mood and Residue. 8 a. Mood Element Halliday (1994) proposes it consist of two parts: (1) the subject, which is a nominal group, and (2) the finite operator, which is a part of verbal group. Based on Halliday, Gerot and Wignell (1994) add the finite element is one of the small numbers of verbal operators expressing primary tense, modality and polarity. Halliday (1994) explains primary tense means past, present, or future at the moment of speaking. Finite verbal operators Temporal Past present future Did, was does, is will, shall Had, used to has would, should Modal: Low median high Can, may will, would must, ought to Could, might is to, was to need (dare) has to, had to (Halliday 1994:74) Halliday (1994) refers to modality as the speakers judgement of the probabilities, or the obligations, involved in what he is saying such as may, will, can etc. He adds polarity is the choice between positive and negative, as in is/isnt, do/dont. 9 b. Residue Halliday (1994) explains the Residue consists of functional elements of three kinds, that are, predicator, complement, and adjunct. a Predicator. It is realized by a verbal group minus the temporal or modal operator. b. Complement. A complement is an element within the Residue that has the potential of being subject but is not. It is typically realized by a nominal group. c. Adjunct. An adjunct is an element that has not got the potential of being subject. It is typically realized by an adverbial group or prepositional phrase. 3). Clause as message The third aspect of the meaning of the clause is clause as message. Halliday (1994) states a message consists of a Theme combined with a Rheme. As general guide, the theme can be identified as that element which comes in first position in the structure. The analysis of the Theme of the clause is rather complex. Halliday (1994) explains in this case, complex clause is called a multiple Theme. In a multiple theme, there are certain complements which have their orders. Halliday (1994) points out the typical ordering is textuaYinterpersonaVexperiential. The textual theme is any combination of continuative, a structural theme, and a conjunctive theme. 10 (i) Continuative is one of small set of discourse signalers, yes, no, well, oh, now. (ii) A structural Theme is any of the obligatory thematic elements such as conjunctions and W-H relative. (iii)A conjunctive Theme is one of the conjunctive adjuncts. He refers conjunctive adjuncts are those which relate the clause to the preceding text such as also, meanwhile, soon, finally, etc. Halliday (1994) further describes the interpersonal theme that is any combination of (i) A vocative is any item, typically (but not necessarily) a personal name, used to address; it may come more or less anywhere in the clause and is thematic if preceding the topical Theme. (ii) A modal theme is any of the modal adjuncts. He describes that modal adjuncts are those which express the speakers judgment regarding the relevance of the message such as maybe, usually, occasionally, surely, honestly, etc. (iii) A mood marking theme is a Finite verbal operator, if preceding the topical Theme; or a WHinterrogative (or imperative lets) when not preceded by another experiential element (i.e. when functioning simultaneously as topical Theme). The last order is experiential. Halliday (1994) explains the experiential element is referred as topical theme. This means that the Theme of a clause ends with the first constituent that is either participant, circumstance, or process. 11 3. Functional Grammar as a subject in the English Department, State University of Jakarta Functional Grammar has been adopted as a subject in the English Department since 2002. The subject must be taken by the students when they are in the fourth semester for Functional Grammar 1 and in the fifth semester for Functional Grammar 2. Both Functional Grammar 1 and 2 consist of three semester credit units. Referring to Academic Guidelines 2004/2005 of Faculty of Languages and Arts, it is stated that the three semester credits unit have 24 meetings. Each meeting takes 100 minutes. It has two kinds of tests that are mid semester test and final semester test. As stated in the Academic Guidelines 2004/2005 of Faculty of Languages and Arts, Functional Grammar as a subject is described as follows: Mata kuliah mi bertujuan mengembangkan wawasan eksplisit tentang teori bahasa dan segi fungsinya (tekstual, interpersonal, experiential) imtuk menunj ang pengembangan kemampuan dan ketrampilan berkomunikasi lisan dan tulisan dalam bahasa Inggris secara benar dan baik. Functional Grammar I aims at developing the explicit knowledge of the theory of language based on the function (textual, interpersonal, and experiential) to support the development of ability and skills to communicate both written and spoken well and correctly. (Own translation) Mata kuliah mi bertujuan mengembangkan kemampuan dan ketrampilan menganalisa teks dalam bahasa Inggris dilihat dan segi fiingsinya ( tekstual, interpersonal, experiential) untuk menunjang pengembangan kemampuan dan ketrampilan berkomunikasi lisan dan tulisan dalam bahasa Inggris secara baik dan benar. Functional Grammar 2 aims at developing ability and skills to analyze text in English based the function (textual, interpersonal, and experiential) to support the development of ability and skills to communicate both written and spoken well and correctly. (Own Translation) 12 In keeping with the description, both Functional Grammar 1 and 2 have the basic purpose that is to support the development of ability and skills to communicate, both written and spoken, well and correctly. 4. Ability to Apply In discussion about ability to Apply, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2001) describes ability is something that one is able to do, because one has particular mental or physical skill. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture (1998) notes ability is the fact of having the skill, power, or other quality that are needed in order to do something. Websters New World Dictionary of American English (1998) adds ability is skills, expertness, or talent.. Bloom (1956), cited in Elliot et a!. (2000) proposes classification of educational goals. There are six major classes in the cognitive taxonomy of educational objectives: 1. Knowledge is the recalling specific facts. 2. Comprehension is understanding what is communicated. 3. Application is generalizing and using abstract information in concrete situation. 4. Analysis is breaking a problem into subparts and detecting relationship among the parts. 5. Synthesis is putting together parts to form a whole. 6. Evaluation is using criteria to make judgments. 13 In accordance with the development, the three classes of educational goals that were analysis, synthesis, and evaluation were then revised to become analyze, evaluate, and create. Arend (2004) describes six classification of the cognitive process dimension: 1. Remember is retrieving relevant knowledge from long-term memory. 2. Understand is constructing meaning from instructional messages, including oral, written, and graphic communication. 3. Apply is carrying out or using a procedure in a given situation. 4. Analyze is breaking material into constituent parts and determining how parts relate to one another and to overall structure or purpose. 5. Evaluate is making judgments based on criteria and standards. 6. Create is reorganizing elements into a new pattern or structure. In keeping with Blooms theory and the purpose of this study that is to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing, ability to apply should be developed after the steps of knowing and understanding. Referring to the explanation above, ability to apply Functional Grammar is to be developed through the steps of knowing and understanding. The questionnaire will also include identifying not only the knowledge and understanding but also ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. 14 5. Writing Writing as described by Leki (1998) is communicating. Meyers (2003) notes writing is a process of discovering and assembling ideas, putting them on paper, reshaping, and revising them. To be acceptable, Windshuttle and Windshuttle (1998) state good writing should have correct grammar and precise and clear content. Diyanni (2001) adds good writing is coherent. Readers can follow and understand it easily. Hughes (2001) describes underlying writing ability is a number of sub abilities such as control of punctuation. Considering the important points above, it can be concluded that good writing covers the aspects of grammar and coherence. 6. Perception Perception is defined by Elliot, et all (2000) as the giving of meaning to the discrete, meaningless stimuli that initially arouse awareness. Barkhuizen (1998) notes perception refers to feelings and views of the students. Students perception is important in language learning as Barkhuizen (1998) claims that it is important for teachers to discover their learners feelings and beliefs about their language learning process. He believes it can give input and consequently review and possibly change their teaching process. 15 Referring to the purpose of this study that is to identify students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing, questionnaire will be used to identify students views and feelings of their levels of cognitive domaim lb CHAPTER ifi METHODOLOGY This chapter discusses the methods used to conduct the study which is related to identifying English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. The first part discusses the issue of the study which is then followed by Study Design and continued by the Implementation of the study. A. Issue of Study This study is related to identifying English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. The researcher is interested to conduct this study because of the fact that some students express their difficulties while attending Functional Grammar classes. It is expected that findings of this study can be used as input concerning with students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar. B. Study Design This study was designed to employ survey The instruments employed were questionnaire and interview. The questionnaire was used to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing, whereas the interview was used to gather more detail data. This was to anticipate the possible weaknesses of questionnaire. This study employed stratified sampling as the 17 selection of respondents planned was based on their academic entrance. The data then were analyzed by clustering educational goals from Bloom (1956) and the aspects of Functional Grammar from Halliday (1994). It was designed that the respondents of questionnaire were 100 students and the respondents of the interview were 10 students. 1. Method of Study It was planned that survey was chosen to conduct this study. Brown and Rodgers (2002) state surveys are any procedures used to gather and describe the characteristics, attitudes, views, and opinion. The purpose of a survey as described by Nunan (1992) is generally to obtain snapshot of conditions, attitudes, and / or events at a single point in time. Based on the discussion above and the purpose of this study that is to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing, survey can be seen as the appropriate method. 2. Respondents it was planned that the respondents of this study were 100 students. They were English Department students of State University of Jakarta. The students were both from Educational and Non- Educational Programs who had completed Functional Grammar 1 and 2. The sampling procedure that was planned to be used in this study was stratified sampling. Bums (2000) describes stratified sampling is sampling in which groups or strata within the population are each sampled randomly. He adds that a population can be divided on the basis of social class membership, sex, level of intelligence or level of anxiety. The researcher planned to conduct this technique of sampling as Burns (2000) notes that sampling error is reduced by stratification for the sample can not differ from the population with respect to the stratifying factors. The respondents of this study were planned to be divided based on the Academic Entrance that is 2002,2003, and 2004. 3. Site and time This study was planned to be conducted in the English Department of State University of Jakarta in the second semester of Academic Year of 2005/2006. It was between 6 March 2006 and 13 March 2006. Referring to the purpose of study that is to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing, the researcher chose English Department of UNJ as the site of the study. It was designed that this study was conducted in between 6 March 2006 and 13 March 2006. This choice was made by considering the availability of time that the researcher had. It was also the time in which students were effective in the process of attending teaching-learning activities. 19 4. Instruments As mentioned in the previous section, this study was designed to employ survey. Questionnaire and interview were chosen to become the instruments of collecting data. In keeping with Blooms Taxonomy, both instruments were designed to include knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar. Detail description about the instruments is given in the following section. a. Questionnaire Questionnaire was chosen as one of the means to collect data used in this study. Questionnaire as discussed by Nunan (1992), is relatively popular means of collecting data. The questionnaire used for this study was designed to gather information and to identify English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. The total number of questionnaires is 36 items which represent students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply. Each number of questionnaires consists of five different choices of answers that represent the scale of excellent, good, average, poor, and very poor. The questionnaire was designed to use Bahasa Indonesia in order to avoid misunderstanding of the respondents to answer each statement. To answer the questionnaire, the respondents were asked to choose only one answer of each number that represents knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar. 20 There were 7 questions prepared before conducting the interview. The questions covered the identifying students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, and ability to apply Functional Grammar. The interview is to anticipate the possible weaknesses of questionnaire as described by Burns (2000) who proposes there is no opportunity to acquire supplementary observational data. Also, the respondents motivation for answering the questionnaire is unknown. C. Implementation of Study The research was uutiated by the fact that some students express their difficulties while attending Functional Grammar classes. Following such problems, the researcher was interested to conduct the study. It covered questionnaire and interview. This study was implemented by following the steps of the research procedures. 1. Data Collection Process Questionnaire and interview were used as means to collect the data. The data collection process lasted for 1 week that was between 4 May and 12 May 2006. The implementation of data collection was not as it was planned. This was because the process of making the questionnaire took longer time. At the same time, the researcher had to follow PPL program In addition, as the result of data of interview did not clearly present the specific area of writing that can be developed by applying Functional Grammar, the additional interview was again conducted that was between 14 July 2006 and 16 July 2006. 22 a. Collecting Data by Means of Questionnaire The set of questionnaire was given to 54 students who had completed Functional Grammar 1 and Functional Grammar 2. Before conducting the study, the researcher introduced herself to the respondents. The researcher also gave information about the purpose of the study to respondents. The distribution of questionnaire was done after classes that were on 4 May and 12 May 2006. The completion of the questionnaire took between 3 and 4 minutes. The questionnaire consists of 36 items which represent students perception towards their knowledge, comprehension, ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing ability. Items number I until 6 represent knowledge of clause as representation. Items number 7 until 12 represent comprehension of clause as representation. Items number 13 until 24 represent applicability of clause as representation. Items number 25 until 26 represent knowledge of clause as exchange. Items number 27 until 28 represent comprehension of clause as exchange. Items number 29 until 32 represent applicability of clause as exchange. Item number 33 represents knowledge of clause as message. Item number 34 represents comprehension of clause as message. Items number 34 until 36 represent applicability of Functional Grammar. To rank their abil ity, this study employed Likert scale. There were 5 scales used in this questionnaire namely excellent, good, average, poor, and very poor. The respondents were asked to choose one scale of each item. 23 I b. Collecting Data by Means of Interview The interview was held between 11 May and 12 May 2006. Since some students felt reluctant to express ideas of such problems and due to considering the limitation of time, the researcher decided to interview 6 students. The additional interview was conducted between 14 July 2006 and 16 July 2006. The researcher conducted the additional interview because the result of the previous interview did not cover the specific aspects of writing such as language and/or content aspects that can be improved by applying the concepts of Functional Grammar. There were three additional respondents interviewed. The previous and additional interview was conducted face-to-face discussion individually. The respondents for this interview were selected based on their various scores of Functional Grammar I and Functional Grammar 2. Respondent 4 and 7 who had completed Functional Grammar 1 and respondent 5 and 8 who had completed Functional 2 got A. Respondent 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 who had completed Functional Grammar I and respondent 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 who had completed Functional Grammar 2 got B. Respondent 6 and 9 who had completed Functional Grammar 1 and respondent 1 and 9 who had completed Functional Grammar 2 got C. The interview used Bahasa Indonesia. The reason was to avoid the possibility of different perception in understanding the questions. The use of Bahasa Indonesia for the interview was also to make the respondents understand and answer the questions easily. The questions of interview were related to identifying English Department students perception towards their knowledge, comprehensi on, and ability to apply Functional Grammar in analyzing text and writing. The specific areas of writing ability that could be improved by 24

Analysis of Cadburys Essay -- Business Management Companies Essays

Analysis of Cadbury's Background to business The Cadbury’s company started manufacturing chocolate in Birmingham in 1824. It was set up by Mr. John Cadbury. In the year 1847 the company changed when John and his brother Benjamin became partners and the company became known as the Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. A year later the retail side of the business, which was allocated in Bull Street was passed to nephew, Richard Cadbury Barrow. In February 1854 the company received their first Royal warrant as ‘manufacturers of cocoa and chocolate to Queen Victoria. The company still holds the royal warrants of appointment. In 1861 both Richard and George Cadbury took over the business when their father retired. The Cadbury brothers were dissatisfied with the quality of cocoa products that were being produced by manufacturers including their own, for this reason the brothers wished to improve the quality of Cadbury cocoa products as to help the business to survive and prosper. The brother visited to the Van Houten Factory in Holland, after the visited the Cadbury brothers, started using a new processing technique. The Cadbury brothers introduced this new process for pressing cocoa butter from cocoa beans, the process made a more palatable cocoa essence. The company remained in Birmingham for 32 years and by then the factory had become too small for the worker force. The brothers decided that they had to move the factory to larger premises. The source of the quote below is cadburys.co.uk site. "Why should an industrial area be squalid and depressing?" Both brothers asked. "Why should not the industrial worker enjoy country air and occupations without being separated from his work?" "If the country is a good place to live in, why not to work in?" In 1878 the company was move to Bournville. After the death of Richard Cadbury in 1899, the Cadbury business became a private limited company: Cadbury Brothers Limited. George Cadbury became the Chairman of the Company’s new Board. The other directors were Barrow and William A. Cadbury (sons of Richard) and George’s own two sons, Edward and George Cadbury Junior. The Bournville factory site became a 'series of factories within a factory', as everything needed for the business was produced on site, with tin box pressing plants, carton making units, a design studio and pri... ...ain quality to their chocolate. PRICE Cadburys price their products competitively with their competitors. Cadburys products can be found in most local corner shops, Cadburys chocolates are price at the same price as their competitor: Example; Cadbury whole nut would cost 35 pence, while a Mars bar and Galaxy bar could also cost 35 pence. PLACE Cadbury sells anywhere where there is a demand for their products, special if there many customers that want to buy their products. Cadbury would sell their products to shops (business) that deals with beverages and confectionery like (Iceland, Sainsbury, Kwick Save, Tesco, Asda, Safeway) and also in post offices and newsagents and in vending machines. PROMOTION Through Cadburys promotional activities it can be clearly seen that they have been guided by their promotional and marketing objectives of "maximising profit† and also â€Å"to increase the sales†. Achievement of these objectives enables the business to meet the business objectives of being â€Å"Number one product in a given market†. Cadburys Company are the number one seller of chocolate confectionary product on the market, in the Europe and world-wide. Analysis of Cadbury's Essay -- Business Management Companies Essays Analysis of Cadbury's Background to business The Cadbury’s company started manufacturing chocolate in Birmingham in 1824. It was set up by Mr. John Cadbury. In the year 1847 the company changed when John and his brother Benjamin became partners and the company became known as the Cadbury Brothers of Birmingham. A year later the retail side of the business, which was allocated in Bull Street was passed to nephew, Richard Cadbury Barrow. In February 1854 the company received their first Royal warrant as ‘manufacturers of cocoa and chocolate to Queen Victoria. The company still holds the royal warrants of appointment. In 1861 both Richard and George Cadbury took over the business when their father retired. The Cadbury brothers were dissatisfied with the quality of cocoa products that were being produced by manufacturers including their own, for this reason the brothers wished to improve the quality of Cadbury cocoa products as to help the business to survive and prosper. The brother visited to the Van Houten Factory in Holland, after the visited the Cadbury brothers, started using a new processing technique. The Cadbury brothers introduced this new process for pressing cocoa butter from cocoa beans, the process made a more palatable cocoa essence. The company remained in Birmingham for 32 years and by then the factory had become too small for the worker force. The brothers decided that they had to move the factory to larger premises. The source of the quote below is cadburys.co.uk site. "Why should an industrial area be squalid and depressing?" Both brothers asked. "Why should not the industrial worker enjoy country air and occupations without being separated from his work?" "If the country is a good place to live in, why not to work in?" In 1878 the company was move to Bournville. After the death of Richard Cadbury in 1899, the Cadbury business became a private limited company: Cadbury Brothers Limited. George Cadbury became the Chairman of the Company’s new Board. The other directors were Barrow and William A. Cadbury (sons of Richard) and George’s own two sons, Edward and George Cadbury Junior. The Bournville factory site became a 'series of factories within a factory', as everything needed for the business was produced on site, with tin box pressing plants, carton making units, a design studio and pri... ...ain quality to their chocolate. PRICE Cadburys price their products competitively with their competitors. Cadburys products can be found in most local corner shops, Cadburys chocolates are price at the same price as their competitor: Example; Cadbury whole nut would cost 35 pence, while a Mars bar and Galaxy bar could also cost 35 pence. PLACE Cadbury sells anywhere where there is a demand for their products, special if there many customers that want to buy their products. Cadbury would sell their products to shops (business) that deals with beverages and confectionery like (Iceland, Sainsbury, Kwick Save, Tesco, Asda, Safeway) and also in post offices and newsagents and in vending machines. PROMOTION Through Cadburys promotional activities it can be clearly seen that they have been guided by their promotional and marketing objectives of "maximising profit† and also â€Å"to increase the sales†. Achievement of these objectives enables the business to meet the business objectives of being â€Å"Number one product in a given market†. Cadburys Company are the number one seller of chocolate confectionary product on the market, in the Europe and world-wide.

Assignment for School Essay

1. List and explain the meaning of the twelve standards of policing proposed by Robert Peel. Explain why each of these standards is still important today. (respond with a minimum of 200 words) The twelve standards of policing proposed by Robert Peel are: 1) the police must be stable, efficient, and organized along military lines (2) the police must be under governmental control (3) the absence of crime will best prove the efficiency of police (4) the distribution of crime news is essential (5) the deployment of police strength both by time and area is essential (6) no quality is more indispensable to a policeman than a perfect command of temper; a quiet, determined manner has more effect than violent action (7) good appearance commands respect (8) the securing and training of proper persons is at the root of efficiency (9) public security demands that every police officer be given a number (10) police headquarters should be centrally located and easily accessible to the people (11) policemen should be hired on a probationary basis, and (12) police records are necessary to the correct distribution of police strength (Bohm & Haley). Having an organized police force and well trained police force is essential for the public and their safety. You want to make sure that all of the policemen are not only physically capable of doing their job, but also have the basic knowledge of the field and the laws and what to do in certain situations that they might be put in. Ensuring that police officers are hired on a probationary basis will help to ensure the public that they will have the best they can on the force and make sure that they have police officers that do their jobs correctly while providing public safety. If we had a police force that was unorganized and under trained (under qualified for the position) the crime rate would likely increase due to lack of a well ran police headquarters. Bohm, R., & Haley, K. Introduction to criminal justice. (Seventh edition ed., p. 141). 2. Explain the main components of community policing. Identify the four steps in a community policing approach to problem solving and give an example of each. (respond with a minimum of 200 words) The main components of community policing are community partnership, problem solving and change management. Establishing and maintaining mutual trust between citizens of a community and the police force are essential to community policing. The community, as well as the police, needs to identify potential problems, propose solutions and implement a solution. There is a four step problem solving process referred to as SARA: Scanning- indentifying the problem; Analysis- understanding underlying conditions; Response- developing and implementing solutions; Assessment- determining the solutions effect (Bohm & Haley). An example for scanning would be observing the problem of people speeding through school zones and seeing the potential dangers for students crossing the street. Analysis would be to understand the potential dangers for the students that may be crossing the street during this time and the risk of being hit, or other problems that could occur from people speeding through a school zone. Response would be to develop a solution, place a police officer to conduct traffic and ensure that drivers are following the correct speed for the school zone. Assessment would be to look back after about a week to see if placing the police officer in the school zone had a positive effect on people speeding through the school zone. Bohm, R., & Haley, K. Introduction to criminal justice. (Seventh edition ed., p. 229). 3. Review the Law Enforcement Officer Code of Ethics in Figure 6.1 on page 200. In your opinion, which three Canons are the most important and why? (respond with a minimum of 200 words) The most important Canons in my personal opinion would be (1) the primary responsibility of police officers and organization is the protection of citizens by upholding the law and respecting the legally expressed will of the whole community and not a particular party or clique (2) police officers should be aware of the legal limits on their authority and the â€Å"genius of the American system,† which limits the power of individuals, groups, and institutions, and (3) police officers are responsible for being familiar with the law and not only their responsibilities but also those of other public officials (Bohm & Haley). I chose Canon number one because public safety is the number one goal for a police officer. Making sure that the officer will uphold the law to everyone in a fair manner is also a must, in other words an officer needs to be mentally capable of arresting their mother if it was deemed necessary. The reason I chose Canon number two was because an officer should never take advantage of their authority towards a citizen. There are a lot of officers that take advantage of their authority towards citizens and that causes the public to lose respect towards other officers, it is something that needs to be enforced. I also chose Canon number three because an officer needs to be familiar with the law so that they are able to enforce the law, if an officer does not know the laws then they will not always enforce it when someone is breaking it. Making sure that you keep other officers and public officials in line are important, if you are an officer and you see another officer breaking the law do not be hesitant to call it out as you see it; that is your job after all. Bohm, R., & Haley, K. Introduction to criminal justice. (Seventh edition ed., p. 200). 4. List and describe some of the ways to control and reduce police corruption. (minimum 100 words) There are many different ways to control and reduce police corruption. One way would be to select and maintain officers that have high moral standards. After hiring them ensure that you train them not only on the physical aspects and knowledge of the laws, but also giving ethical decision classes towards the law would be very helpful. Also having police policies and discipline towards the breaking of those policies will help to reduce police corruption. Having a proactive internal affairs unit that will conduct internal investigations will help to keep an eye on officers to ensure that they uphold their proper duties. (Bohm & Haley). Bohm, R., & Haley, K. Introduction to criminal justice. (Seventh edition ed., p. 267). 5. â€Å"Police Corps,† a military-style police academy, has been employed in some U.S. cities. The cadets of the mentally exhausting 6-month program eat, sleep, and live together in rooms near the academy with no televisions and with the constant threat of surprise inspections. Their days involve marching in military formation with a platoon leader barking out cadences, weight lifting, and classes on self-defense as well as law and criminal procedure. Afternoons are spent at the firing range, where they train with pistols, MP-5 submachine guns, and AR-15 assault rifles. After ending their days at 10 P.M. with little or no time for themselves to relax or study, they are occasionally awakened at 2 A.M. as instructors push them for practice in high-speed driving and patrolling tactics. At some point in the course, the cadets are put through 24 to 72 hours of sleep deprivation to teach them the effects of stress and lack of sleep on their bodies. The punishment for not following orders correctly is pushups. Supporters of the style maintain that the Navy SEAL–type training will help officers become more disciplined and community-oriented. Critics contend that the program is too extreme and isn’t necessary for a community police force, that it â€Å"isn’t needed in our society unless we’re in a warfare environment.†

Essay on What Caused the Holocaust - 2799 Words

The Holocaust could best be defined as the mass killing of about 6 million Jewish people during World War II. A lot of events led up to the Holocaust, during the Holocaust, and even after the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler, the leader of the Nazi party and was held most responsible for this terrible genocide. The Holocaust was a terrible time in our world’s history. It all began after World War I when Germany was humiliated due to the Treaty of Versailles. The Treaty of Versailles was given to the German power to sign following World War I in 1919. The Treaty forced Germany to give up land to other countries and any colonies that Germany had over seas were now owned by the League of Nations. Although Germany lost a lot of land due to†¦show more content†¦He marched into a meeting of thousands of German government oficials led by the leader Kahr. Aldolf Hitler told the officials about the army outside and that a revolution was beginning. After many attempts at taking ove r Germany, Hitler was officailly appointed Chanclor of Germany in 1933 (Pridham, Geoffrey). The Holocaust immediately started once Hitler was in power. His first plan was to use the Jewish people as a scape goat for the German people to belive that they did nothing wrong in causeing the breakdown of Germany. The first concentration camp that was created was called the Dachau concentration camp which was located outside of the cit of munich. A concentration camp was the place that the Nazi soldiers held Hitlers scape goats as prisoners. This camp itself held close to five thousand prisioners. The Nuremberg laws was one reason that it was legal to keep people held prisioner in the concentration camps. The Nuremberg laws were a lot of laws that were antisemetic and helped to build on Nazi beliefs. Most laws were directed towards the Jewish population. The first law created was called â€Å"the law for the Restorartion of the Profesional Civil Service† which didn’t allow Jews to create and organizations or take part in most of public life a whole. Another law that was made later in that same month limited the number of Jews who were allowed to attend school in Germany. Taking away education from the Jewish peopleShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Holocaust1449 Words   |  6 Pagesdescribe the Holocaust. The Holocaust affected the lives of millions because of the hate inside of the Nazi’s. Why would the Nazi’s do this? This is a question almost nobody can answer. What we do know are the effects of the Holocaust; specifically, on the child survivors of the Holocaust. The Holocaust created a struggle with interpersonal relationships, psychological difficulties, and caused child survivors and their families have a drive for resilience. Most people could say the Holocaust bring feelingsRead MoreThe World Of The Holocaust934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Holocaust was the systematic, organized, frighten, vicious event that sponsored by N azi Party throughout the Europe continent that approximately took away six million Jews’ life with assisted from Nazi Germany and its collaborators, the event also caused different extent of casualties to contemporary third party countries in the Europe simultaneously. The official beginning date of event started from January 1933 when Adolf Hitler first came to power in Germany with Nazi as his backup to openlyRead MoreThe Holocaust And Its Effects On The Jews And The Rest Of The World1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust was a systematic government enforced persecution and murder of the Jews that took place throughout Nazi-occupied territories under the command of Adolf Hitler. Although the rest of the world did not suffer from the abuse, murder and isolation that the Jews endured, the brutal polices against Jews caused major destruction and sparked tremendous outrage globally. World War 2 erupted after Adolf Hitler won the election for Germany’s leader in 1933. Throughout the years, his dictatorshipRead MoreSocial Forces Of The Holocaust1534 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough an incredibly traumatic event. The Holocaust is the traumatic event that hit Germany beginning in the 1930’s. The Holocaust was a period in time from 1933 to 1945, in which Jews experienced discrimination. Out of nine million Jews that were living in Germany, over half of them were killed in the Holocaust. All the Jews that were killed were killed because of prejudice and discrimination against them. An event as traumatic and massive as the Holocaust has no choice but to affect the countryRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Holocaust930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Holocaust is one of the most well known genocides that have taken place. It had destroyed millions of Jewish lives and has caused a historical pain to these people that cannot be taken away till this day. The Holocaust can be seen from Goldhagen’s perspective of eliminationism. It did have all of the five ste ps and yet there was uniqueness about the Holocaust. The first one that can be looked at is the concentration camp itself. The history of the camp and the stories are still being unfoldedRead MoreThe Actions Of Adolf Hitler And His Nazi Army1205 Words   |  5 PagesJews is known as the Holocaust. In Greek â€Å"Holocaust† means â€Å"whole- burnt†, sometimes it is referred to as the â€Å"Shoah† which is â€Å"catastrophe† in Hebrew (Hall n.p.). Nazi Germany and the territories it took over treated Jews like animals and did awful things to them. It is very hard to understand how an event like this could even happen and why someone would involve himself in this enormous, racist group and eventually genocide. It is important to know what caused the Holocaust in order for the worldRead MoreThe Horrors of Genocide: Night, by Elie Wiesel1699 Words   |  7 Pagesis equal. They often believe that they were superior to others because of their physical attribu tes and beliefs that they had. The Holocaust is a major example of the ignorance of some in history. This ignorance often resulted in the murders and mistreatment of many. Elie Wiesel was one of the six million plus people who were wrongfully mistreated during the Holocaust. Many believe that this sort of event could not occur in the current time period because people have become more civilized and tolerableRead MoreHysteria Comparison of the Salem Witch Trials and the Holocaust1222 Words   |  5 PagesGarza 11/30/12 English Final Draft Hysteria comparison of the Salem Witch Trials and the Holocaust During both the devastating Holocaust in the Germany and the tragic Salem Witch Trials in the small town of Salem, innocent people were brutally killed, causing hysteria among the people. Both groups of people endured hardships because of the hysteria that occurred among them. This hysteria caused people to react in ways that they would not usually act. Both of these events are very historicalRead MoreJewish Responses to the Holocaust Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesJewish Responses to the Holocaust Some Jews believed that God had â€Å"abandoned† them during and after the Holocaust. They believed this because beliefs claim that a Covenant was made between the Jewish religion and God to make sure Jews would go to the promise land if they were to trust and obey the Lord God. If this were true then the Jews were being betrayed and God had broken the Covenant between them. I personally believe that God did not abandon the Jews and thatRead More`` Maus `` By Art Speigelman And Film, The Best Years Of Our Life By William Wyler1720 Words   |  7 Pagesattacks on the environment during war. During the holocaust as viewers we only observe Hitler and his attacks on the Jews. But fail to take into consideration the effect of the individuals involved. Throughout the book Maus by Art Spiegelman, the author describes situations where people were brutally killed, people were separated from their families and sent into gas chambers to be killed. Multiple people suffered but those who survived the holocaust had a harsh time fitting into the normal way of